The equatorial latitude of tropical rainforests và tropical deciduous forests keeps day length and mean temperature fairly constant throughout the year. The sun rises daily khổng lồ a near-vertical position at noon, ensuring a high màn chơi of incoming radiant energy at all seasons. Although there is no cold season during which plants experience unfavourable temperatures that prohibit growth, there are many local variations in climate that result from topography, và these variations influence & restrict rainforest distribution within the tropics.
Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high & where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 khổng lồ 2,500 mm (about 70 khổng lồ 100 inches) annually & occurs fairly evenly throughout the year. Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 & 1,800 mm & in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically tư vấn tropical deciduous forests—i.e., rainforests in which up lớn about three-quarters of the trees thất bại their leaves in the dry season. The principal determining climatic factor for the distribution of rainforests in lowland regions of the tropics, therefore, is rainfall, both the total amount and the seasonal variation. Soil, human disturbance, and other factors also can be important controlling influences.
The climate is always hot and wet in most parts of the equatorial belt, but in regions khổng lồ its north và south seasonal rainfall is experienced. During the summer months of the Northern Hemisphere—June to lớn August—weather systems shift northward, bringing rain to regions in the northern parts of the tropics, as bởi the monsoon rains of India and Myanmar. Conversely, during the Southern Hemisphere’s summer, weather systems move southward, bringing rain from December to lớn February to places such as northern Australia. In these hot, seasonally wet areas grow tropical deciduous forests, such as the teak forests of Myanmar and Thailand. In other locations where conditions are similar but rainfall is not so reliable or burning has been a factor, savannas are found.
Topographic factors influence rainfall và consequently affect rainforest distribution within a region. For example, coastal regions where prevailing winds blow onshore are likely to lớn have a wetter climate than coasts that experience primarily offshore winds. The west coasts of tropical nước australia and South America south of the Equator experience offshore winds, and these dry regions can tư vấn rainforests only in very small areas. This contrasts with the more extensively rainforest-clad, east-facing coasts of these same continents at the same latitudes. The same phenomenon is apparent on a smaller scale where the orientation of coastlines is parallel to, rather than perpendicular to, wind direction. For example, in the Townsville area of northeastern australia and in Benin in West Africa, gaps in otherwise fairly continuous tracts of tropical rainforest occur where the prevailing winds blow along the coast rather than across it.
Mean temperatures in tropical rainforest regions are between 20 & 29 °C (68 và 84 °F), và in no month is the mean temperature below 18 °C (64 °F). Temperatures become critical with increasing altitude; in the wet tropics temperatures fall by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) for every 100 metres (328 feet) climbed. Vegetation change across altitudinal gradients tends lớn be gradual & variable & is interpreted variously by different authorities. For example, in Uganda tropical rainforest grows lớn an altitude of 1,100 khổng lồ 1,300 metres & has been described as giving way, via a transition forest zone, lớn montane rainforest above 1,650 lớn 1,750 metres, which continues lớn 2,300 khổng lồ 3,400 metres. In New Guinea, lowland tropical rainforest reaches 1,000 to 1,200 metres, above which montane rainforests extend, with altitudinal variation, to 3,900 metres. In Peru, lowland rainforest extends upward khổng lồ 1,200 lớn 1,500 metres, with transitional forest giving way lớn montane rainforest above 1,800 to 2,000 metres, which continues to lớn 3,400 lớn 4,000 metres. These limits are comparable and reflect the similarities of climate in all regions where tropical rainforests occur. Plant species, however, are often quite different among regions.
Although the climate supporting tropical rainforests is perpetually hot, temperatures never reach the high values regularly recorded in drier places khổng lồ the north & south of the equatorial belt. This is partly due to high levels of cloud cover, which limit the mean number of sunshine hours per day khổng lồ between four and six. In hilly areas where air masses rise & cool because of the topography, the hours of sunlight may be even fewer. Nevertheless, the heat may seem extreme owing to the high levels of atmospheric humidity, which usually exceed 50 percent by day & approach 100 percent at night. Exacerbating the discomfort is the fact that winds are usually light; mean wind speeds are generally less than 10 km (6.2 miles) per hour and less than 5 km per hour in many areas. Devastating tropical cyclones (hurricanes và typhoons) occur periodically in some coastal regions toward the margins of the equatorial belt, such as in the West Indies & in parts of the western Pacific region. Although relatively infrequent, such storms have an important effect on forest structure & regeneration.
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44. A tropical rainforest ~ rừng mưa nhiệt độ đới
45. B humid ~ moist: ẩm, ẩm ướt
46. C (It rains a lot in the rainforest, but sometimes you don"t know it"s raining. The trees grow so closely together that rain doesn"t always reach the ground)
47. C (Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth"s surface, about six percent)
48. D (Rainforests provide us with many things...cure cancer)
49. A (Twenty-five percent of the drugs we take when we are sick are made of plants that grow noly in rainforests)
50. C (Destruction of rainforests results in more pollution, less rain, & less oxygen for the world)
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Question 44: What is the author’s purpose in the passage?
D. Để ngăn ngừa con fan phá hoại rừng mưa nhiệt đới. Xem thêm: Thao Tác Nào Không Phải Là Thao Tác Định Dạng Văn Bản ?
Question 45: The word “humid” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____________.
B. Moist
Question 46: Why don’t people know it’s raining in the rainforests?
A. Because the trees grow very tall there.
Question 47: The following are the facts about rainforests, EXCEPT ___________.
A. The only places lớn see rainforests are in tropical zones.
Question 48: According to lớn the third passage, which don’t rainforests provide us?
B. Medicine
Question 49: The word “that” in paragraph 3 refer lớn ______________.
D. Pineapples, bananas, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, chocolate, coffee, và sugar
Question 50: What can be inferred from the last passage?
C. The more rainforests are destroyed, the harder people’s life will become.
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câu vấn đáp tệ -ngu anh mà chú ý cũng thấy câu trả lời rõ ngáo:)))
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